An alternative plan or method is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one: 2. Why use alternatives?alternative definition: 1. The suitability of a certain alternative must be considered separately for each category of product and equipment and in some cases also take into account the geographical location where the product and equipment is being used.
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Alternative Trial RefrigerationIn Industrial
In Europe, but also in other parts of the world such as North America, an increasing number of cascade systems with ammonia and CO 2 have been installed in the food and beverage industry. Centralised systems* For low temperature applications Industrial refrigerationIn industrial refrigeration, such as large cooling facilities for food processing or process cooling in the chemical industry, ammonia systems have been used for many years.Ammonia has been the most popular replacement option to R404A and its use is already widespread. CO 2-based systems have also been introduced.In large refrigeration systems for supermarkets (’centralised systems’), CO 2 cascade systems are an alternative to commonly used HFC systems in many climates.Hydrocarbons have also proven to be highly efficient alternatives in most applications under high ambient temperatures, except for larger condensing units. Commercial refrigerationCommercial refrigeration applications include stand-alone equipment, condensing units and centralised systems.Plug-in equipment used in small stores and supermarkets, such as vending machines relying on hydrocarbons, has become available in recent years throughout the world. Alternatives and safety groupsMost of the HFCs are used as refrigerants in refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) equipment, but also as blowing agents, aerosol propellants and solvents.In the following, alternatives to commonly used HFCs are listed for different sectors.Each substance is assigned to a safety group specified as follows:* A2L and B2L are lower flammability refrigerants with a maximum burning velocity of ≤ 10 cm/sPlease click on the sector of your interest for further information. Most of the HFCs are used as refrigerants in refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) equipment, but also as blowing agents, aerosol propellants and solvents.To mitigate emissions of substances with a high GWP and comply with the F-Gas Regulation, each sector needs to find solutions to quickly switch to low GWP refrigerants.
Used in commercial facilities.System in which the refrigerant cools down a liquid (normally water) that is then circulated to cool air in commercial or industrial facilities.System that is able to provide heating or cooling by transferring heat from or to an external reservoir (such as the ground, water or outside air). Further developed systems enable a variable refrigerant flow (VRF) towards every indoor unit. Predominantly used in private households.System that consists of one outdoor unit and multiple indoor units. Mostly used in private households.System that consists of one outdoor and one indoor unit linked by refrigerant piping, needing installation at the site of storage. The stationary AC sector can be broken down into several sub-categories:Devices that are hermetically sealed and can be moved between rooms by the user.
For refrigerated containers, CO 2 can be used as a long-term alternative. R452A has a very high GWP of 2140 and hence will not be suitable for future use. Mobile air conditioning for carsLately, R448A, R449A and R452A have become quite common to replace R404A in road transport refrigerated vehicles. The only alternative to this is CO 2, which is currently used by some car manufacturers and expected to become more widespread in the future.CO 2 is also expected to become available as an alternative in the future for duty vehicles, busses and trains. Domestic refrigerationThe refrigerant R134a used in air conditioning of cars is prohibited in new cars as a consequence of the EU Directive 2006/40/EC on mobile air-conditioning systems (‘MAC Directive’).The main substitute is the R1234yf, which is almost exclusively used. Heat pumps are also used with hydrocarbons, additionally CO 2 is available on the market.Please click on one of the five sub-categories to see more information on alternatives: Moveable room ACMulti split/Variable refrigerant flow (VRF)In Europe, hydrocarbon refrigerants have replaced the use of HFCs since the mid-1990s.
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